Abstract INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is a major global issue that has been connected to a number of systemic issues, necessitating multidisciplinary investigation. Examining dental degradation in conjunction with Helicobacter pylori infection provides a unique perspective on gut and oral health in Tripoli, Libya. Previously linked to peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis, H. pylori has recently been linked to tooth health. This change in viewpoint is crucial because there was no discernible link between the infection and chronic illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, or even smoking, indicating the necessity for measures to raise awareness of good oral hygiene among afflicted individuals. The prevalence of H. pylori was clearly linked to declining dental health when examining Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) scores; this relationship was particularly evident in older participants and those with poor oral hygiene. METHODS AND MATERIALS: a cross-sectional design was used, 135 randomly selected participants to ensure that our sample was representative of the local community. Following a thorough review of each patient's medical history, which included chronic conditions, socioeconomic status, and dental hygiene practices, a dentist qualified to perform this type of evaluation examined each patient for evidence of decay using well-known metrics such as the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score. Based on previous research, serological tests (detection of H. pylori antibodies) were performed to determine the presence of H. pylori in order to minimize discomfort and avoid the bias that occasionally arises with more intrusive gut collection methods. THE AIM: of this study is to provide a significant contribution to the present literature with genuine potential to influence public health policies and dental care programs targeted at reducing health inequities in the region, provided that the study is carefully planned and some innovative data management is done. RESULTS: This result essentially shows that additional interdisciplinary research is required to adequately map out the cause-and-effect relationship between H. pylori and dental caries. Curiously, it also supports previous research that suggested this bacterium might contribute to oral disorders, supporting the notion that a comprehensive, multimodal strategy is required to address oral and general health concerns. By lowering the rate of dental decay, local, community-driven initiatives to enhance oral hygiene may hold the key to minimizing the effects of H. pylori. The study emphasizes that reducing the disparities in oral health observed in Tripoli may depend on making dental treatment more accessible, particularly for those from lower-income backgrounds. Conclusion: An infection with Helicobacter pylori is substantially linked to a higher prevalence of dental caries. Both dental decay and H. pylori infection are significantly influenced by age, with poorer oral health being seen in older people. Infrequent dental checkups and poor oral hygiene are two factors that raise the DMFT index. People with diabetes, high blood pressure, and acidity have far worse tooth health. Dental caries is significantly influenced by economic level, with slightly worse outcomes for those with greater incomes. The DMFT score and H. pylori prevalence do not seem to be significantly impacted by smoking or gender. This study confirms our presumptions between H. pylori and dental cavities while highlighting the critical necessity for integrated healthcare systems. Keywords: Dental Caries, Helicobacter Pylori, Gastritis, Tripoli, Libya.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Dental caries is a major global issue that has been connected to a number of systemic issues, necessitating multidisciplinary investigation. Examining dental degradation in conjunction with Helicobacter pylori infection provides a unique perspective on gut and oral health in Tripoli, Libya. Previously linked to peptic ulcers and chronic gastritis, H. pylori has recently been linked to tooth health. This change in viewpoint is crucial because there was no discernible link between the infection and chronic illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, or even smoking, indicating the necessity for measures to raise awareness of good oral hygiene among afflicted individuals. The prevalence of H. pylori was clearly linked to declining dental health when examining Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) scores; this relationship was particularly evident in older participants and those with poor oral hygiene. METHODS AND MATERIALS: a cross-sectional design was used, 135 randomly selected participants to ensure that our sample was representative of the local community. Following a thorough review of each patient's medical history, which included chronic conditions, socioeconomic status, and dental hygiene practices, a dentist qualified to perform this type of evaluation examined each patient for evidence of decay using well-known metrics such as the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) score. Based on previous research, serological tests (detection of H. pylori antibodies) were performed to determine the presence of H. pylori in order to minimize discomfort and avoid the bias that occasionally arises with more intrusive gut collection methods. THE AIM: of this study is to provide a significant contribution to the present literature with genuine potential to influence public health policies and dental care programs targeted at reducing health inequities in the region, provided that the study is carefully planned and some innovative data management is done. RESULTS: This result essentially shows that additional interdisciplinary research is required to adequately map out the cause-and-effect relationship between H. pylori and dental caries. Curiously, it also supports previous research that suggested this bacterium might contribute to oral disorders, supporting the notion that a comprehensive, multimodal strategy is required to address oral and general health concerns. By lowering the rate of dental decay, local, community-driven initiatives to enhance oral hygiene may hold the key to minimizing the effects of H. pylori. The study emphasizes that reducing the disparities in oral health observed in Tripoli may depend on making dental treatment more accessible, particularly for those from lower-income backgrounds. Conclusion: An infection with Helicobacter pylori is substantially linked to a higher prevalence of dental caries. Both dental decay and H. pylori infection are significantly influenced by age, with poorer oral health being seen in older people. Infrequent dental checkups and poor oral hygiene are two factors that raise the DMFT index. People with diabetes, high blood pressure, and acidity have far worse tooth health. Dental caries is significantly influenced by economic level, with slightly worse outcomes for those with greater incomes. The DMFT score and H. pylori prevalence do not seem to be significantly impacted by smoking or gender. This study confirms our presumptions between H. pylori and dental cavities while highlighting the critical necessity for integrated healthcare systems. Keywords: Dental Caries, Helicobacter Pylori, Gastritis, Tripoli, Libya.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered the most widespread bacterial infections and among the most common nosocomial infections, second only to lower respiratory tract infections. The risk of developing a UTI increases with age, making UTIs among the most commonly diagnosed infections in elderly people, representing a significant public health problem. This study aimed to isolate and detect the microbial responsible for urinary tract infections in elderly individuals and determine their resistance patterns and sensitivity to antibiotics among Libyan patients in Tripoli city. The study was conducted simultaneously in Alsharik, Eltafoq, and Ibn Al Nafis laboratories in Tripoli, Libya, during July and August 2024. One hundred and one urine samples were collected from elderly participants suffering from UTI symptoms (38 males and 63 females), with ages ranging from 60 to 97 years. Isolation, biochemical identification, and antibiotic susceptibility analyses were performed. Thirteen antibiotics were testedin this study. Among the 101 isolated samples from elderly patients with suspected UTI, females had a higher prevalence of bacterial infections (62.4%) compared to males (37.6%). The highest number of infections was in the 60–69 years age group (45.4%). Gram-negative organisms accounted for 91.1% of isolates compared to Gram-positive organisms. Escherichia coli was the most common organism isolated (43.6%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.7%). Most isolates were resistant to Ampicillin (31.7%) and Amoxicillin (23.8%), followed by Tetracycline (10.9%). The Gram-positive organisms Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were most susceptible to Amoxicillin, Amikacin, and Meropenem, with sensitivity rates of 75%, 66.7%, and50%, respectively. E. coli was more susceptible to Imipenem (25%), Amikacin (22.7%), and Nitrofurantoin (13.6%), whereas Amoxicillin and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim showed lower efficacy. Gram-negative bacteria were the main cause of UTIs in the study population, mainly belonging to the E. coli and Klebsiella families. Age and gender were significant factors in determining UTI etiology, and considering these factors can improve the accuracy in identifying causative uropathogens and guide empirical treatment.Keywords:UTI, Antibiotic Resistance, Sensitivity Antibiotics, Uropathogenic E.Coli

Abstract Background:- Depakine (valproic acid) is an antiepileptic medication that is commonly used as a first‑line treatment for a variety of seizures in both adults and children. However, it can result in testicular toxicity by increasing oxida tive stress inflammation. Melatonin (MLT) has antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, and anti‑apoptotic potential. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of MLT on depakine‑induced testicular damage in rats.

Acute conjunctivitis is described as inflammation of the conjunctiva that lasts less than 3 to 4 weeks, showing cellular infiltration and exudation. Conjunctivitis can cause significant and lasting harm to the eye, resulting in severe inflammation in the corneal lid. This study seeks to isolate and identify the particular bacterial pathogens responsible for conjunctivitis in patients at Tripoli Eye Hospital. Collection of bacterial samples from patients with conjunctivitis was conducted at the ophthalmic consultative clinic within Tripoli Eye Hospital, Libya between September 2021 and January 2022. Tests were done to separate bacterial pathogens causing conjunctivitis and to test their resistance to antibiotics. Among 140 samples, bacterial infection was detected in 86% of cases while 14% yielded negative results. Males had a higher prevalence of bacterial infections at 63% in comparison to females. Both male and female individuals aged 60-79 years had the highest percentage of bacterial conjunctivitis cases at 51%. Segregation tests showed that the majority (82%) were Gram-positive, while a minority (18%) were Gram-negative, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most prevalent bacteria (35%), closely followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis (32%). Streptococcal pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp had rates of 2% which were lower. The majority of organisms showed sensitivity to levofloxacin (43%), while there was only a small amount of resistance to polymyxin B (4%). Professional attention and microbiological research are crucial for verifying clinical diagnoses and carrying out suitable and efficient treatments.

The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak to be a global pandemic in March 2020, also the COVID-19 pandemic has caused drastic changes across the globe, affecting all areas of life. However, the pandemic cannot be ended overnight and more social distancing and other self-care measures are needed to protect our Libyan community. Therefore, people´s awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and appropriate behaviors are instrumental to containing the pandemic. This study aims to create a questionnaire to determine the Libyan society's environmental awareness of COVID-19

تم اشتقاق تعبير عن الحيود من المبادئ الأولى عند واجهة موجة إهليلجية.يظهر حيود واجهات الموجات الكروية والمستوية كحالات محددة من نفس الشيء. تبين أن مناطق نصف فترة فريسنل من واجهة الموجة الإهليلجية تعتمد على الإهليلجية لواجهة الموجة.

Mouayed M. Mahmoud (University College, Diyala, Iraq) moaed.mahmood.2020.4040@gmail.com

Nasser Adin Ali. Almaufe (University Of Gharyan faclty of science.) Almaufe1976@gmail.com

Shale gas and shale oil have rapidly revolutionized the energy supply and security landscape in various parts of the world. As Libya has a notable deposit of shale gas, this study sought to gain insight into the public perception of potential health and environmental impacts of a hydraulic fracturing and its associated controversies. It also sought to determine whether there is a need for public awareness of the science and economics associated with hydraulic fracturing. In this study, 304 local residents in Zawia city in the north west of Libya were surveyed on their views on the exploration of shale gas. The purpose of the survey is to understand the factors that influence local residents‖ support or opposition to the use of shale gas, such as energy independence, environmental consciousness, and risk/benefit perceptions. The results show that the respondents are generally supportive of shale gas extraction, the study show that 52% of the respondents express support or strong support for shale gas exploitation. Both this and future studies have the potential to improve public discourse and decision-making around the development of unconventional gas and oil industries.